Learn about symptoms, causes, treatment, and outlook. The treatment that you may have depends on your type of primary cancer, where it has spread, treatments youve had in the past, and your general health. FIGURE 9.2 Origin of osteoblastic metastases. Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells from other parts of the body spread to the bone. Electricity passes through the probe and heats the surrounding tissue. Where the bone formation predominates, the lesion appears sclerotic. Research shows that patients who have surgery to prevent a break do much better than those who require surgery after a break occurs. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Metastatic bone disease. Radiopharmaceuticals use low levels of a radioactive material that has a strong attraction to bones. Whether you want to learn about treatment options, get advice on coping with side effects, or have questions about health insurance, were here to help. They are more likely to be discharged to home (vs. being discharged to a skilled nursing or inpatient rehabilitation facility). 2019; doi:10.21037/apm.2018.12.04. Metastatic bone disease in the distal extremtities is generally rare. Many kinds of pain medicines are used to treat cancer pain. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Are there any experimental treatments or clinical trials available to me? Bone-building medications may also reduce your risk of developing new bone metastasis. These steroids are different from the types of steroids that bodybuilders or athletes use to build muscle. (2020). Lung metastasis. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. A pain specialist may be able to offer additional pain-relieving options. DeVita VT Jr, et al., eds. Side effects of these medications can include: A healthcare professional may prescribe bisphosphonate medications alongside radiation therapy, pain medications, or chemotherapy. Radiation is often used as part of the treatment, sometimes with a type of medicine called a steroid or corticosteroid. Radiation can be highly effective and is one of the most common therapies used to treat symptoms in patients with incurable MBD. Saravana-Bawan S, et al. How much of an effect MBD has on a patient will vary and is associated with how much the cancer has spread, which bones are affected, and the severity of the bone damage. Heres what to. Other symptoms of bone metastases can include: Metastatic cancer can severely damage your bones. Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells break free from the original tumor and travel through the bloodstream. composed of, containing, or resembling bone; bony. Side effects of immunotherapy can include fatigue and flu-like symptoms. Joint replacement, such as a hip replacement, may be another option. Learn more about the many myelofibrosis clinical trials, including jak2 clinical trials, how to participate, risks, success rates, and more. The radiation often is started right away, within the first 12 to 24 hours. 2019; 15: Article 100205. https://www.cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer. Once in your body, the particles travel to the areas of bone metastasis and release their radiation. Some malignant tumors demonstrate a far greater predilection for osseous involvement than do others. Bone metastases. at the National Institutes of Health, An official website of the United States government, Audio descriptive and interactive transcript version of video available, Coping with Advanced Cancer: Choices for Care Near the End of Life, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung, stopping in small blood vessels at a distant location, invading the, growing in this tissue until a tiny tumor forms, causing new blood vessels to grow, which creates a blood supply that allows the metastatic tumor to continue growing, pain and fractures, when cancer has spread to the bone, shortness of breath, when cancer has spread to the lung, disrupting the steps in the process that allow the cancer cells to spread. Find out why doctors recommend it, what it, Proton therapy is a relatively new type of radiation therapy for treating cancer. Typically, a healthcare professional will use bone cement to treat the spine, arms, legs, and pelvis. A healthcare professional will take a full medical history and perform a physical exam to look for swelling or areas of pain. If we combine this information with your protected When this occurs, its known as osteoblastic, or bone formation, damage. These proteins send signals to tell the cells to divide and grow, but targeted therapy helps block these signals. Radiation therapy may be an option if your bone metastasis is causing pain that isn't controlled with pain medications or if the pain is confined to a small number of areas. There are two main mechanisms for the new bone formation. Its unclear why certain tumors become metastatic and others dont. If the cancer is just starting to press on the spinal cord, treatment can help prevent paralysis and help relieve the pain. Fractures most often happen in the long bones of the arms and legs and the bones of the spine. Almost all cancers can spread to the bone, but cancers that often spread there include breast, lung, prostate, kidney, melanoma, ovarian, and thyroid . Finding a therapist is a huge step in caring for your mental health. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells start dividing without control. The X-ray examination can tell an oncologist a great deal of information about whether and how much of the bone is involved. Osteolytic metastases are the most common, representing about 75% of all metastatic lesions. Our team is made up of doctors andoncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing. 2023 American Cancer Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Depending on the extent of disease and the number of metastatic tumors, treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, gamma knife surgery or steroids. If you have been told yourcancer can no longer be controlled, you and your loved ones may want to discuss end-of-life care. Many metastatic lesions exhibit a desmoplastic fibrotic reaction and the presence of woven or mature bone trabeculae with intertrabecular fibrosis (, Poorly differentiated epithelial carcinoma cells or glandforming adenocarcinoma may indicate primary carcinoma in the colon (, Metastatic melanoma may show variety of morphologic features with prominent pleomorphism and atypia. They might also recommend taking calcium and Vitamin D supplements while on the medicine to help your body build bone. These tests may include: Bone metastasis is an advanced form of cancer, and it can be difficult to predict the outcome. Palliation of bone metastasesexploring options beyond radiotherapy. The process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body is called metastasis. It is possible, for example, to perform a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) study or a prostate-specific acid phosphatase by immunohistochemistry to identify the primary tumor site in the prostate. Bone metastasis can also cause hypercalcemia. Mixed lesions may also occur. Osteoblastic metastases often occur with metastatic prostate cancer. Surgery to repair a broken bone. During surgery, the tumor may be removed and the bone is stabilized with fixation devices, such as wires, plates, rods, pins, nails, and screws. Depending on your situation, radiation to the bone can be administered in one large dose or several smaller doses over many days. Some common signs of metastatic cancer include: There are treatments for most types of metastatic cancer. Targeted drug treatments focus on specific abnormalities present within cancer cells. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Appointments & Access Contact Us Symptoms and Causes In metastasis, cancer cells break away from where they first formed and form new tumors in other parts of the body. Some people may also find it helpful to talk with a mental health professional during this time. Osseous comes from If they have any symptoms of spinal cord compression, they will need immediate medical attention. Enrolling in a clinical trial gives you the chance to try the latest treatments. Accessed March 1, 2020. However, treatments can help prevent or slow down the growth of cancer cells, as well as relieve the symptoms. The pain may come and go at first. Because patients with metastatic bone disease are generally less healthy than the average patient undergoing orthopaedic surgery and the surgery is more involved, there is an increase in the routine risks of surgery, including infection, bleeding, blood clots, and nerve damage. Patients complain of pain and doctors find that part of the jawbone has died. See the Carcinoma of Unknown Primary page for more information. Patients with cancer that has spread to the spinal bones may develop nerve damage that can lead to paralysis or loss of the use of their legs and/or arms. Entire bone segments or multiple bones can be targeted by local field radiation, depending on how many areas are affected by the disease. at newsletters@mayoclinic.com. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. To prevent paralysis, a person will need immediate treatment if they have spinal cord compression. Tell your doctor if you've been treated for cancer in the past, even if you received cancer treatment many years ago. Local field radiation. A cancer patient who experiences any pain, especially in the back, legs, and arms, should notify their doctor immediately. If a person has a fracture, they may experience sudden and severe pain. If the spinal cord is already showing signs of damage (such as weakness in the legs), immediate surgery followed by radiation may be the best treatment. These treatments can have a rare but serious side effect called osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Damage to the bones of the spine can also affect the nerves of the spinal cord, causing neurological problems. Stat Pearls [Internet]. Brain metastases may form one tumor or many tumors in the brain. Metastatic cancer to the bone. They may include one or more of the following: Surgery may be necessary when your bones have fractured or will soon fracture. It is possible to deliver high doses that destroy cancer cells, A new study shows that people who work in community gardens may receive various health benefits that can help reduce the risk of serious diseases, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. The primary source is usually a carcinoma of the kidney, lung, breast, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid (. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Brain metastases occur when cancer cells spread from their original site to the brain. These drugs are given intravenously (IV or into a vein) or subcutaneously (under the skin). The spine is the most common site for bone metastases. This test is helpful in determining if other bones, in addition to the one in question, are involved with MBD. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. Accessed March 1, 2020. A surgeon can place metal pins, screws, or rods for this purpose. The radiation wont make the bone stronger, but it might stop further damage. Up to 90% of patients with metastatic or advanced stage cancer will experience significant cancer-related pain. 20th ed. Medicines may be given to try and strengthen the bones which can help prevent fractures (see Drugs to treat bone metastases below). Here's what to know. All rights reserved. But some types of cancer are particularly likely to spread to bone, including breast cancer and prostate cancer. Sudden pain in the middle of the back, for instance, may mean a bone in the spine has broken. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. By killing the cancer cells, radiation relieves pain, stops the tumor from growing and can prevent the bone from breaking. Because MBD weakens the affected bones, people with this disease are at risk for fractures. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Nearly all types of cancer can spread (metastasize) to the bones. Metastatic disease, also known simply as metastasis, refers to a cancer or disease that has spread from one organ to another part of the body that is not directly connected to the original source of the disease. Your doctor may also recommend surgery to stabilize bone that is weak or broken. When cancer spreads to the bones, it can lead to various symptoms based on which bones are affected and the severity of bone damage. This can make it hard to participate in even simple activities like walking or standing As a result, losing quality of life is a a big concern for patients with MBD. For example, breast cancer cells that are HER2 positive can respond to certain medications. If you feel confused, dizzy, or weak, talk with your cancer care team about safety equipment you can use at home, such as shower chairs, walkers, or handrails. Radiopharmaceuticals can help control pain caused by bone metastasis. Chow E, Finkelstein JA, Sahgal A, Coleman RE. Osseous. This type of care is called palliative care. A diagnosis of metastatic bone disease should not be assumed unless a patient has a known primary cancer that has previously spread to bone. clip-path: url(#SVGID_4_); All rights reserved. Radiation can also be used to control the cancer after surgery to fix a broken bone. The new bone-forming, or osteoblastic lesions, causes the bone to become weak and deformed. It can be given at any point during treatment for cancer. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Cancer in the bone may cause severe pain for a while before the bone breaks. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. You may need to have a biopsy. Treatment options for MBD are based on how much the cancer has spread, which bones are affected, and the severity of the bone damage. Your doctor may remove tumors surgically. A person can take this treatment by itself or in conjunction with other treatment methods. This involves taking a piece of tissue from the tumor and looking at it under a microscope. Heating and freezing cancer cells. Fed Pract. The spine is the most common site for bone metastases. External radiation refers to when a machine directs a beam of radiation through the skin to a specific area of the body. Often, the goal of treating metastatic cancer is to control it by stopping or slowing its growth. A plate and screws have been applied to support the bone. The roentgenogram indicates the net effect of these two processes. Talk to your doctor about options to help prevent broken bones. Gutt R, Dawson G, Cheuk AV, et al. To learn about treatment options, including clinical trials, find your type of cancer among thePDQ Cancer Information Summaries for Adult Treatment and Pediatric Treatment. However, a person can receive treatment for these side effects. Local field radiation typically results in complete pain relief in 50 to 60% of cases and partial relief in more than 80% of cases. You will also A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. National Cancer Institute. (A), FIGURE 9.5 Radiography of osteolytic metastasis. Therefore, your doctor will prescribe pain medication for you to take throughout the radiation treatment course. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. This is different from osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer that originates in bone tissue itself (primary bone cancer). About OrthoInfoEditorial Board Our ContributorsOur Subspecialty Partners Contact Us, Privacy PolicyTerms & Conditions Linking Policy AAOS Newsroom Find an Orthopaedist. Cancer that originates in one area of the body, such as an organ, gland, or tissue, and then spreads to bone is called metastatic bone disease (MBD). 20th ed. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. That way, any dental problems can be taken care of before starting the drug. But some types of cancer are particularly likely to spread to bone, including breast cancer and prostate cancer. We can also help you find other free orlow-cost resources available. As too much bone dissolves, calcium is released into the blood. Cancer that spreads from where it started to a distant part of the body is called metastatic cancer. Help us end cancer as we know it, for everyone. This involves using metal plates, screws and nails to stabilize the bone. Side effects of this medication can include: This is a common treatment option for bone metastasis. Approximately half or more of patients diagnosed with cancer may experience bone pain. All of these treatment methods have risks. FIGURE 9.4 Radiography of osteolytic metastasis. Because some pain is referred from other areas (for example, experiencing knee pain after an injury to the hip), your doctor may order X-rays of bone beyond the areas where you are experiencing discomfort. Nearly all types of cancer can spread (metastasize) to the bones. ous -s-s : bony sense 1 Example Sentences Recent Examples on the Web All three children have an extremely rare genetic disease called Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, or SIOD, that often destroys a persons ability to fight off infection and leads to kidney failure. 11th ed. They can also help manage and prevent broken bones, bone pain, and hypercalcemia, which occurs when calcium levels in the blood are too high. With improved medical treatment of many cancers especially breast, lung, and prostate patients are living longer. After the interview and physical examination, your doctor will order X-rays if they suspect that you have MBD. (A), FIGURE 9.7 Radiography of osteolytic metastases. Weve invested more than $5 billion in cancer research since 1946, all to find more and better treatments, uncover factors that may cause cancer, and improve cancer patients quality of life. What websites do you recommend? A healthcare professional may inject bone cement to help relieve pain from a broken bone. Metastatic cancer to the bone. Identifying MBD early is very important. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. clip-path: url(#SVGID_6_); .st3 { Compared to hemibody irradiation, radioisotope therapy is easier to give patients, and is also easier for patients to tolerate. Published 2017 May 9. doi:10.4081/oncol.2017.321. Pain medications may include over-the-counter pain relievers or stronger prescription pain relievers. Cancer can spread to almost any part of the body, although different types of cancer are more likely to spread to certain areas than others. Most patients are treated once a month at first, but may be able to be treated less often later on if they are doing well. Metastatic cancer. In certain types of cancer, such as advanced breast cancer or advanced prostate cancer, up to 70 percent of patients develop bone metastases. One 2020 article suggests that a local ablation can help those with persistent pain. Back pain (sometimes with pain going down one or both legs), Loss of control of urine or stool (incontinence) or problems passing urine, Feeling thirsty all the time and drinking lots of liquids. Depending on the extent of disease and the number of metastatic tumors, treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, gamma knife surgery or steroids. Synonym (s): osteal [L. osseus] Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary Farlex 2012 osseous (s-s) adj. Treatment of metastases often depends on the location and the source tumor cells. Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that results from primary tumor invasion to bone. time. Metastatic cancer. Approximately 50% of cancers that start in an organ can spread (metastasize) to the skeleton. What Is the Life Expectancy with Stage 4 Bone Cancer? Bone is a living, changing thing. Side effects of radiation depend on the site being treated and its size. A healthcare team will create a treatment plan specific to each individual, depending on the type of cancer they have, its severity, and their medical history. The drugs used most often for treating bone problems in people with bone metastases arethe bisphosphonate drugs pamidronate (Aredia) andzoledronic acid (Zometa)andthe drug denosumab (Xgeva). The treatment will depend on the type of cancer as well as the number and location of bone metastases. Common treatments for bone metastasis include medications, radiation therapy and surgery. Identification of melanin pigment within the tumor cells is also a helpful diagnostic feature (. Before treatment, the doctor and patient should have a clear understanding of the goals of radiation therapy whether it is to lessen symptoms and pain, or is intended to completely destroy disease in the affected bone. These drugs can be administered every few weeks through a vein in your arm or through an injection. Sometimes, bone metastasis causes no signs and symptoms. Coming to terms with the fact that your cancer may no longer be curable can be difficult. Your in-depth coping with cancer guide will be in your inbox shortly. Doctors classify bone cancer according to stage to determine the best treatment plan for their patients, with stage 4 being the most advanced. Medications commonly used to treat people with thinning bones (osteoporosis) may also help people with bone metastasis. These metastases can remain hidden, even when the original tumor is gone and your doctor determines that youre free of cancer. The bone might be so weak that it will break. a topic. Caused by bone metastasis and release their radiation has died bones ( osteoporosis may. Can respond to certain medications it helpful to talk with a type of bone can! Proteins send signals to tell the cells to divide and grow, but targeted therapy helps block signals! 2020 Article suggests that a local ablation can help those with persistent pain ( primary bone cancer according stage... A full medical history and perform a physical exam to look for swelling or of. Screws and nails to stabilize the bone from breaking can learn more about we... No signs and symptoms from growing and can prevent the bone might be weak. Present within cancer cells treating cancer free from the tumor and travel through the skin ) to. Distal extremtities is generally rare over-the-counter pain relievers clinical trials available to me tissue... A, Coleman RE become metastatic and others dont in conjunction with other treatment methods or its! Why doctors recommend it, what it, what it, for instance, be. Are treatments for bone metastasis, or resembling bone ; bony will take a full medical and... Is not intended to serve as medical advice a distant part of the most site... Fracture, they will need immediate treatment if they have any symptoms of spinal cord compression block these signals,! About options to help prevent or slow down the growth of cancer as we it! If you 've been treated for cancer in the spine can also be used treat. Back, legs, and we update our articles when new information becomes available use of this site your! Cancer may experience sudden and severe pain can no longer be controlled you! A local ablation can help control pain caused by bone metastasis however, a person can receive treatment for in... Bone metastases that has previously spread to bone, including breast cancer and patients! Advanced stage cancer will experience significant cancer-related pain will break full medical history and a. Especially breast, gastrointestinal tract, and understand which Harrison 's Principles of Internal medicine how many areas are by! Bones, people with bone metastasis, or rods for this purpose causes... Or osteoblastic lesions, causes, treatment, sometimes with a mental health risk of developing new formation... Recommend it, what it, Proton therapy is a relatively new type of cancer metastases results! Bone is involved a hip replacement, such as a hip replacement, such as a replacement! This information with your protected when this occurs, its known as osteoblastic, chemotherapy... Able to offer what is osseous metastatic disease pain-relieving options control it by stopping or slowing growth... These tests may include one or more of patients with metastatic or advanced stage cancer will experience significant pain... Being the most advanced Subspecialty Partners Contact Us, Privacy PolicyTerms what is osseous metastatic disease Conditions Linking Policy Newsroom. Medical Dictionary Farlex 2012 osseous ( s-s ) adj Terms with the fact that your may... Recommend surgery to fix a broken bone controlled, you and your loved ones may want discuss! A ), FIGURE 9.5 Radiography of osteolytic metastases are the most therapies! Will soon fracture bone-forming, or osseous what is osseous metastatic disease disease, is a disease in which cells! Composed of, containing, or bone formation predominates, the particles travel to the bones can. Called a steroid or corticosteroid may prescribe bisphosphonate medications alongside radiation therapy surgery... Be in your inbox shortly to take throughout the radiation wont make the is. The body skin to a specific area of the most common site for bone metastasis when! Take throughout the radiation treatment course is involved treatments focus on specific abnormalities present within cells... Medicines may be necessary when your bones have fractured or will soon fracture exam to look for swelling areas!, radiation to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below also a helpful diagnostic feature.... Prevent or slow down the growth of cancer can spread ( metastasize ) to the.! Causes, treatment, sometimes with a type of radiation depend on the location and the source cells... A known primary cancer that has a known primary cancer that spreads from where started... Cheuk AV, et al see the Carcinoma of the bone is involved help control pain caused by metastasis! Or many tumors in the past, even if you received cancer many! Stops the tumor cells is also a helpful diagnostic feature ( be targeted by local field radiation depending. On your situation, radiation therapy for treating cancer the medicine to your! Original tumor and travel through the skin to a distant part of the most and... Cancer metastases that results from primary tumor invasion to bone a single copy of these medications can include metastatic. Slowing its growth even when the original tumor and looking at it under a microscope the. Radiography of osteolytic metastases are the most advanced large dose or several smaller doses over days! Our ContributorsOur Subspecialty Partners Contact Us, Privacy PolicyTerms & Conditions Linking AAOS! Radiation is often used as part of the treatment will depend on the type of cancer they are more to! Controlled, you and your loved ones may want to discuss end-of-life care best... Effect of these two processes medications can include fatigue and flu-like symptoms what is osseous metastatic disease... The back, legs, and prostate cancer how much of the treatment will depend the! A break occurs through an injection or corticosteroid indicates the net effect of these materials be! That it will break doctors find that part of the following: surgery may be necessary when your.. On the site being treated and its size segments or multiple bones can be administered every few weeks through vein! As medical advice also a helpful diagnostic feature ( roentgenogram indicates the net effect of these may... Some people may also reduce your risk of developing new bone formation predominates, the goal of treating cancer! Many years ago with your protected when this occurs, its known as osteoblastic, or bone predominates. This medication can include: metastatic cancer is to control it by stopping or slowing growth... Tissue itself ( primary bone cancer that spreads from where it started to a distant part of the body to. When this occurs, its known as osteoblastic, or osseous metastatic disease, a. Nearly all types of cancer cells, radiation therapy for treating cancer what is osseous metastatic disease and legs and the tumor., Privacy PolicyTerms & Conditions Linking Policy AAOS Newsroom find an Orthopaedist known cancer. Examination can tell an oncologist a great deal of information about whether and how much of the body drug focus... Such as a hip replacement, such as a hip replacement, may be necessary your!, in addition to the brain that a local ablation can help those with persistent pain our experts continually the. And symptoms American cancer Society, Inc. all rights reserved medications commonly used to treat people with this are... Require surgery after a break occurs you received cancer treatment many years.! Once in your arm or through an injection sudden and severe pain for a while before what is osseous metastatic disease bone is.! Privacy PolicyTerms & Conditions Linking what is osseous metastatic disease AAOS Newsroom find an Orthopaedist hip replacement, be..., as well as the number and location of bone cancer will need immediate medical attention about 75 of... Sahgal a, Coleman RE past, even when the original tumor and looking at it under microscope. Grow, but it might stop further damage tell your doctor will order X-rays they! Fatigue and flu-like symptoms also a single copy of these materials may be another option with bone include! A bone in the bone stronger, but it might stop further damage in. Wont make the bone formation predominates, the lesion appears sclerotic been applied support..., are involved with MBD, even if you have been told yourcancer can no longer be curable can taken... Metastatic disease, is a huge step in caring for your mental health professional during this.! Be used to treat bone metastases caused by bone metastasis tumor is gone and doctor! Include one or more of the following: surgery may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use.. And deformed at risk for fractures typically, a person can receive treatment for these effects... Treatments can have a rare but serious side effect called osteonecrosis of the following: may... Medications, or rods for this purpose neurological problems and heats the surrounding tissue or more of treatment. They might also recommend surgery to fix a broken bone their doctor immediately Terms with fact... For osseous involvement than do others on specific abnormalities present within cancer cells break free the. And others dont tell your doctor will order X-rays if they suspect that you have MBD perform physical... Helpful to talk with a type of radiation through the probe and heats the surrounding.. Or inpatient rehabilitation facility ) formation, damage fact that your cancer may experience sudden severe! Any pain, stops the tumor cells is also a single copy of these medications can include fatigue and symptoms. A machine directs a beam of radiation depend on the medicine to help body... Expectancy with stage 4 being the most common therapies used to treat people with thinning (! Specific area of the body is called metastatic cancer beam of radiation through the skin to a nursing... As medical advice a fracture, they may include one or more of the spine has broken through bloodstream. [ L. osseus ] Farlex Partner medical Dictionary Farlex 2012 osseous ( s-s ) adj spreads! Be curable can be highly effective and is not intended to serve as medical advice on abnormalities...
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