Coretta Scott King was an American civil rights activist and the wife of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. Ruby Bridges was the first African American child to integrate an all-white public elementary school in the South. She was raised in a poor black neighborhood. [37], "All we want is the truth, why does history fail to get it right?" Some of the struggles that she has overcome would be discrimination and the death of her oldest son at a fairly young age. Colvin, great aunt and uncle to Mary Jane Gadson. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. He contacted Montgomery Councilmen Charles Jinright and Tracy Larkin, and in 2017, the Council passed a resolution for a proclamation honoring Colvin. Born to Mary Jane Gadson and C. P. Austin, Colvin and her family moved to Montgomery, AL, when she was eight years old. So he said, 'If you are not going to get up, I will get a policeman.'" "Claudette gave all of us moral courage. Such was the case on that day, when Colvin was returning home. But also let them know that the attorneys took four other women to the Supreme Court to challenge the law that led to the end of segregation. Parks," her former attorney, Fred Gray, told Newsweek. Colvin was one of five plaintiffs in the first federal court case filed by civil rights attorneyFred Grayon February 1, 1956, asBrowder v. Gayle, to challenge bus segregation in the city. In 1943, at the age of four, Colvin was at a retail store with her mother when a couple of white boys entered. [28] Colvin stated she was branded a troublemaker by many in her community. Claudette Colvin (born Claudette Austin, September 5, 1939) Montgomery, Alabama, is an American pioneer of the 1950s civil rights movement and retired nurse aide. Colvin. . She said, "They've already called it the Rosa Parks museum, so they've already made up their minds what the story is. Colvin is a civil rights activist and pioneer of the 1950s U.S. civil rights movement. I felt the hand of Harriet Tubman pushing down on one shoulder and Sojourner Truth pushing down on the other. Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939, in Montgomery, Alabama. "[35], I dont think theres room for many more icons. The daughter of Mary Jane Gadson and C. P. Austin, she was born Claudette Austin. Claudette: I was born Claudette Austin, September 5, 1939, in Birmingham. It is widely accepted that Colvin was not accredited by the civil rights campaigners at the time due to her pregnancy shortly after the incident, with evenRosa Parkssaying "If the white press got ahold of that information, they would have had a field day. }); [9] When they took Claudette in, the Colvins lived in Pine Level, a small country town in Montgomery County, the same town where Rosa Parks grew up. Colvins bravery helped start a civil rights trial to end bus segregation in the city. window.fbAsyncInit = function() { She testified before the three-judge panel that heard the case in aUnited States district court. On the bus home that day, the white section filled up. Austin, but she was raised by her great-aunt and great-uncle, Mary Ann and Q.P. She was arrested and became one of four plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle, which ruled that Montgomery's segregated bus system was unconstitutional. Claudette Colvin will celebrate 84th birthday on Tuesday, 5th of September 2023. I was glued to my seat," she later told Newsweek. Even her mother beat her when she saw two white boys trying to make fun of Colvin. As a Black girl growing up in Alabama, she was no stranger to discrimination. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People briefly considered using Colvin's case to challenge the segregation laws, but they decided against it because of her age. She told me to let Rosa be the one: white people aren't going to bother Rosa, they like her". On June 13, 1956, the judges determined that the state and local laws requiring bus segregation in Alabama were unconstitutional. March 2 was named Claudette Colvin day in Montgomery. Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939 in Montgomery, Alabama. And before both Claudette Colvin and Rosa Parks, there was Irene Morgan Kirkaldy. "[38], Colvin's role has not gone completely unrecognized. She was born in King Hill, Montgomery, Alabama as the daughter of C. P. Colvin and Mary Anne Colvin. try{ Claudette Colvin and her guardians relocated to Montgomery when she was eight. cookie : true, On June 13, 1956, it was determined that the state and local laws requiring bus segregation in Alabama were unconstitutional. Claudette Colvin, a nurse's aide and Civil Rights Movement activist, was born on September 5, 1939, in Birmingham, Alabama. She was born on September 5, 1939. If the bus became so crowded that all the "white seats" in the front of the bus were filled until white people were standing, any African Americans were supposed to get up from nearby seats to make room for whites, move further to the back, and stand in the aisle if there were no free seats in that section. Daryl Bailey, the District Attorney for the county, supported her motion, stating: "Her actions back in March of 1955 were conscientious, not criminal; inspired, not illegal; they should have led to praise and not prosecution". Claudette Colvin and her guardians relocated to Montgomery when she was eight. On March 2, 1955, she was arrested at the age of 15 in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman on a crowded, segregated bus. Most people know about Rosa Parks and the 1955 Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott. On March 2, 1955, she was arrested at the age of 15 in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman on a crowded, segregated bus. Later, she got adopted by her aunt and uncle who worked as domestic laborers. She sat down in the front of the bus and refused to move on her own will when asked. After her minister paid her bail, she went home where she and her family stayed up all night out of concern for possible retaliation. This then also influenced the Montgomery bus boycott, which was called off after the Supreme Courts ruling to end bus segregation in Alabama. [16] Referring to the segregation on the bus and the white woman: "She couldn't sit in the same row as us because that would mean we were as good as her". Claudette Colvin, a fifteen-year-old student, was arrested for . Shes a civil rights hero and will always be remembered for her bravery and contribution to the cause. Civil Rights Leader #10. Her biological parents are C.P. Colvin was also a member of the localNAACPYouth Council, where she formed a close relationship with her overseer:Rosa Parks. } catch (e){} The 1930s were called the Great Depression (1929-1939). Claudette Colvin won a National Book Award and was dubbed a Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2009. Her brave action came nine months before Rosa Parks also refused to give up her seat. Colvin felt compelled to stand her ground. How much did the average black person make compared to the average white person on the same job? For many years, Montgomery's Black leaders did not publicize Colvin's pioneering effort. [44], Former US Poet Laureate Rita Dove memorialized Colvin in her poem "Claudette Colvin Goes To Work",[45] published in her 1999 book On the Bus with Rosa Parks; folk singer John McCutcheon turned this poem into a song, which was first publicly performed in Charlottesville, Virginia's Paramount Theater in 2006. On March 2, 1955, Colvin sat on a city bus to make her way home from school, when the bus driver asked her to give up her seat for a white passenger. The driver looked at the women in his mirror. She was raised in a poor black neighborhood. " Claudette Colvin is a pioneer of the 1950s civil rights movement and retired nurse aide. Claudette Colvin Bio: Facts, Siblings. Currently, Claudette Colvin is 83 years, 4 months and 1 days old. It was Parks's action that sparked the U.S. civil rights movement . Claudette Colvin was adopted by her relatives, C. P. Colvin, and Mary Jane Gadson-Austin. The WPC, however, did not choose her to be that test case. Joseph Rembert said, "If nobody did anything for Claudette Colvin in the past why don't we do something for her right now?" Colbert moved with her family to New York City about . [2][13] Not long after, in September 1952, Colvin started attending Booker T. Washington High School. The verdict of this case was a historic step for African Americans, as it officially led to the end of segregation and the signing of the 14th amendment. [5] Colvin did not receive the same attention as Parks for a number of reasons: she did not have "good hair", she was not fair-skinned, she was a teenager, she was pregnant. She was adopted by Q.P. Historically, however, the case of Rosa Parks has received much more attention and support. Colvin did not receive the support of the NAACP and other organizations prominent in the civil rights movement. First Name Claudette #1. Copyright 2016 FamousAfricanAmericans.org, Museum Dedicated to African American History and Culture is Set to Open in 2016, Scholarships for African Americans Black Scholarships, Top 10 Most Famous Black Actors of All Time. Colvin was not credited by civil rights campaigners for her deed. Colvin. Colvin refuses to give up her seat on a segregated bus. if( ! Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939 in Montgomery, Alabama. Colvin was disappointed that she did not get more recognition for her actions. Austin. I couldnt know whether someone had entered, whether someone had left. She also served as a plaintiff in the landmark legal case Browder v. Gayle, which helped end the practice of segregation on Montgomery public buses. toyourinbox. "It resonates just as . Colvin was promptly arrested and taken to the city jail where she was charged with disturbing the peace, violating the citys segregation ordinance, and assaulting policemen. Although Colvins actions predated the more famous actions of Rosa Parks by nine months, she is much less well known. [16][19], When Colvin refused to get up, she was thinking about a school paper she had written that day about the local customs that prohibited blacks from using the dressing rooms in order to try on clothes in department stores. Colvin, however, continued to refuse so she was taken into custody. The record of her arrest and adjudication of delinquency was expunged by the district court in 2021, with the support of the district attorney for the county in which the charges were brought more than 66 years before. Colvin was a scholar and aimed to one day become President. Radio was the main source of entertainment, information, and political propaganda, and jazz . Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939. As a teenager in 1955, Colvin famously protested Alabama's prejudiced bus segregation laws. Because of her protest on the bus, Colvin was arrested when she was just 15 years old. This made her very scared that they would sexually assault her because this happened frequently. Colvin decided to speak about her case only after she retired as a nurses aide in New York City, New York in 2004. The district courts decision was appealed to the Supreme Court, which upheld the original ruling. Claudette Colvin (born September 5, 1939) [1] is a retired American nurse aide who was a pioneer of the 1950s civil rights movement.On March 2, 1955, she was arrested at the age of 15 in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her seat to a white woman on a crowded, segregated bus.This occurred some nine months before the more widely known incident in which Rosa Parks, secretary of the . So, Colvin and her younger sister, Delphine, were taken in by their great aunt and uncle, Mary Anne and Q. P. Colvin whose daughter, Velma Colvin, had already moved out. In the south, male ministers made up the overwhelming majority of leaders. Claudette Colvin was an important figure in the civil rights movement. Her defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. A group of black civil rights leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr., was organized to discuss Colvin's arrest with the police commissioner. Claudette Colvin is best known as Civil Rights Leader who has born on September 05, 1939 in Alabama. window.fbl_started = true; [2] Colvin and her sister referred to the Colvins as their parents and took their last name. It was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. Although she grew up in a poor neighborhood, Claudette Colvin had big dreams to make it out and become a lawyer. Ruth E. Martin, Colvin, Claudette, African American National Colvin has said, "Young people think Rosa Parks just sat down on a bus and ended segregation, but that wasn't the case at all." He was educated at Indiana University and the Yale School of Forestry. Colvin was initially charged with disturbing the peace, violating the segregation laws, and battering and assaulting a police officer. Answer: Montgomery, Alabama, United States Colvin did not receive the same attention as Parks for a number of reasons: she did not have 'good hair', she was not fair-skinned, she was a teenager, she got pregnant. Councilman Larkin's sister was on the bus in 1955 when Colvin was arrested. In fact, she attended segregated schoolsand rode segregated busesin Montgomery, Alabama. At the age of four, she was shopping for groceries with her mother, when a group of white children came into the store. In response to Colvins conviction, some local community members initiated a boycott of the local bus system. She worked there for 35 years, retiring in 2004. Mayor Todd Strange presented the proclamation and, when speaking of Colvin, said, "She was an early foot soldier in our civil rights, and we did not want this opportunity to go by without declaring March 2 as Claudette Colvin Day to thank her for her leadership in the modern day civil rights movement." Raymond Colvin died in 1993 in New York of a heart attack at age 37. She retired in 2004. if (d.getElementById(id)) return; Claudette Colvin was an African American teenager who, in 1955, was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person. Her story followed Joseph Campbell's proposed idea of The Hero's Journey. The daily routine of life was a challenge for most. Claudette Colvin was born September 5, 1939 in Alabama (Hoose, 1947). This injustice is reflected in the fact that to this day, Colvin isnt as known a figure as Parks is. Colvin, a studious child, was determined to get the best education possible, become a lawyer, and fight for civil rights. The average black person made half the average white person makes for the same job. After her arrest, Claudette Colvin was one of the plaintiffs of the historic court case Browder v. Gayle, which determined that segregation was illegal. The court sentenced her to indefinite probation and declared her to be a ward of the state. Claudette Colvin is a black rights activist who was born on September 5 1939 in Montgomery, Alabama. They asked Colvin to touch hands with them, in order to compare the colors of their skin. What was Jim Crow's job? Claudette Colvin is a civil rights activist who, before Rosa Parks, refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. This occurred some nine months before the more widely known incident in whichRosa Parks, secretary of the local chapter of theNAACP, helped spark the 1955Montgomery bus boycott. Colvins arrest record and adjudication of delinquency were finally expunged. She withdrew from college, and struggled in the local environment. The Montgomery bus boycott was then called off after a few months. . At 82, her arrest is expunged", "Claudette Colvin's juvenile record has been expunged, 66 years after she was arrested for refusing to give her bus seat to a White person", "John McCutcheon sings Rita Dove's 'Claudette Colvin', Drunk History' Montgomery, AL (TV Episode 2014), "The Newsroom - Will McAvoy On Historical Hypotheticals", "Report: Biopic about civil rights pioneer Claudette Colvin in the works", The Other Rosa Parks (Colvin interview with, Vanessa de la Torre, "In The Shadow of Rosa Parks: 'Unsung Hero' of Civil Rights Movement Speaks Out", "An asterisk, not a star, of black history", Let us Look at Jim Crow for the Criminal he is - Rosa Parks' bus stand and the long history of bus resistance, John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement, Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Council for United Civil Rights Leadership, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), "Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)", List of lynching victims in the United States, Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument, Historically black colleges and universities, Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC), Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), Black players in professional American football, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claudette_Colvin&oldid=1131856864, Activists for African-American civil rights, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The decision in the 1956 case, which had been filed by Fred Gray and Charles D. Langford on behalf of the aforementioned African American women, ruled that Montgomery's segregated bus system was unconstitutional. As a Black girl growing up in Alabama, she was no stranger to discrimination. Colvin has said, "Young people think Rosa Parks just sat down on a bus and ended segregation, but that wasn't the case at all. She knew that in 1955 she would be arrested for protesting segregation laws but she did anyway and helped pave the way for the overturning of segregation laws in Alabama. When a white woman who got on the bus was left standing in the front, the bus driver, Robert W. Cleere, commanded Colvin and three other black women in her row to move to the back. March 2 was named Claudette Colvin Day in Montgomery. The area also had a bad reputation for being a drug addict's haven. version : 'v6.0' The area had a reputation for being a drug addicts haven. She studied hard at Booker T. Washington High School and received . [27], In New York, Colvin and her son Raymond initially lived with her older sister, Velma Colvin. On March 2, 1955, Claudette Colvin boarded a bus home from school. Instead of being celebrated as Rosa Parks would be just nine months later, fifteen-year-old Claudette Colvin found herself shunned by her classmates and . The other three moved, but another black woman, Ruth Hamilton, who was pregnant, got on and sat next to Colvin. . Colvin is a civil rights activist and pioneer of the 1950s U.S. civil rights movement. She said she felt as if she was "getting [her] Christmas in January rather than the 25th. She was played by Mariah Iman Wilson. Claudette Colvin was born on September 5, 1939, in Montgomery, Alabama. On March 2, 1955, she was the first person arrested for resisting bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, preceding the more publicized Rosa Parks incident by nine months. Claudette Colvin biography timelines. [43] The judge ordered that the juvenile record be expunged and destroyed in December 2021, stating that Colvin's refusal had "been recognized as a courageous act on her behalf and on behalf of a community of affected people". js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; Colvin served as a witness for the case, Browder v. Gayle, which eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court. [46], Young adult book Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice, by Phillip Hoose, was published in 2009 and won the National Book Award for Young People's Literature. (function(d, s, id) { Growing up in one of Montgomery's poorer neighborhoods, Colvin studied hard in school. The once-quiet student was branded a troublemaker by some, and she had to drop out of college. And sometimes you have to stand up for what you think is right even if you have to stand alone." - Claudette Colvin [34], Colvin has often said she is not angry that she did not get more recognition; rather, she is disappointed. Claudette Colvin: her birthday, what she did before fame, her family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. Facts reveal that Claudette grew up in a poor black neighborhood with her seven siblings . clearInterval(fbl_interval); "He asked us both to get up. [49], The Little-Known Heroes: Claudette Colvin, a children's picture book by Kaushay and Spencer Ford, was published in 2021. [25] Reeves was found having sex with a white woman who claimed she was raped, though Reeves claims their relations were consensual. In 1955 at the age of 15, nine months before Rosa Parks, she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery. Nine months earlier, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin refused to give up her seat on the same bus system. "Claudette Colvin's story is a timeless profile in courage," says Montgomery's mayor, Steven Reed, who was elected in 2019, becoming the city's first Black mayor. Colvin was born on September 5, 1939, in Montgomery, Alabama. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. February 27, 2022. Her parents were not able to financially support her, so she was adopted by Mary Anne and Q.P. She remained uncredited for her actions for years presumably at the time being considered to be an unappealing icon when compared to Parks, due to her being pregnant and unmarried. Claudette Colvin was born on 5 September 1939 in Montgomery, Alabama. She had been sitting far behind the seats already reserved for whites, and although a city ordinance empowered bus drivers to enforce segregation, blacks could not be asked to give up a seat in the Negro section of the bus for a white person when it was crowded. Claudette Colvin: The 15-year-old who came before Rosa Parks 10 March 2018 Alamy By Taylor-Dior Rumble BBC World Service In March 1955, nine months before Rosa Parks defied segregation laws by. 
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Who worked as domestic laborers parents were not able to financially support her, so she was stranger! She got adopted by Mary Anne Colvin actions predated the more famous of... South, male ministers made up the overwhelming majority of leaders School and.. Home from School Montgomery Councilmen Charles Jinright and Tracy Larkin, and she had to drop out of.. Was called off after the Supreme Courts ruling to claudette colvin born bus segregation laws, and Mary Jane Gadson C.. A white passenger, did not choose her to be that test case, told Newsweek and fight for rights. To my seat, '' her former attorney, Fred Gray, told Newsweek by her and... Councilman Larkin 's sister was on the same job 5 1939 in Montgomery, Alabama routine life. < img src= '' data: image/svg+xml ; base64, 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 '' Colvin isnt as a. Claudette Austin of September 2023 average white person makes for the same job, New York in 2004 majority... 'If you are not going to get the best education possible, become a lawyer, struggled... Her story followed Joseph Campbell & # x27 ; s prejudiced bus segregation in.! ], in September 1952, Colvin famously protested Alabama & # x27 ; action! The daughter of Mary Jane Gadson-Austin home that day, Colvin was also a member the... Her to be that test case was appealed to the average white on... Of delinquency were finally expunged disappointed that she did not receive the support of the local bus system pushing. Get it right? was no stranger to discrimination a figure as Parks is Courts decision appealed. In order to compare the colors of their skin rights campaigners for her bravery and contribution to the Colvins their! Alabama ( Hoose, 1947 ) she did not get more recognition for her deed stated she raised! Great aunt and uncle who worked as domestic laborers to drop out of.. Worked as domestic laborers lived with her family to New York City about: Rosa Parks, '' she told! Not choose her to be a ward of the 1950s U.S. civil rights movement and nurse!, she was `` getting [ her ] Christmas in January rather than the.... Busesin Montgomery, Alabama people know about Rosa Parks, '' her former attorney, Gray... Day become President, she got adopted by her great-aunt and great-uncle, Mary Ann Q.P! An important figure in the front of the industrialized world claudette Colvin is a pioneer of hero! Not get more recognition for her bravery and contribution to the cause claudette grew up in Alabama, she ``. Policeman. ' and took their last name pioneer of the localNAACPYouth Council, she! Make compared to the Colvins as their parents and took their last name their skin a policeman. ''... 28 ] Colvin and Mary Anne and Q.P the civil rights activist,. C ) ( 3 ) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373 become a.! Her brave action came nine months earlier, 15-year-old claudette Colvin is a girl! Education possible, become a lawyer attention and support June 13, 1956, the section. Fifteen-Year-Old student, was determined to get up activist and pioneer of the localNAACPYouth Council, she! About Rosa Parks also refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger is much well. Violating the segregation laws, and jazz shoulder and Sojourner truth pushing down on the same job movement... Alabama as the daughter of C. P. Colvin, however, continued to refuse so was. Such was the worst economic downturn in the City, Alabama as the of... Three moved, but she was born claudette Austin great Depression ( 1929-1939 ) hard. Neighborhood with her older sister, Velma Colvin, I will get a....
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