The geography of Switzerland encompasses a wide range of climates, from subtropical to perennial snow climate. When Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg died in 1564, he bequeathed the rule over Tyrol and Further Austria to his second son Archduke Ferdinand II. If matters are examined more carefully, it can be noted that the Rhne and Rhine valleys are shut off from that of the Aare (and of the Thur) by the great northern outlier of the Alps, which consists of the Bernese and Glarus Alps. In the plains, lakes and streams near areas of habitat are used for recreation and relaxation. Kohlenstrasse (Avenue de Ble, Huningue). It forms an irregular quadrilateral, of which the greatest length from east to west is 350 kilometres (220mi), and the greatest breadth from north to south is nearly 220 kilometres (140mi). Ten of them are in the Rhine basin (also in that of the Aare), two (Maggiore and Lugano) in that of the Po, and one (Geneva) in that of the Rhne. Many of the main and side valleys were settled during the early Bronze Age, from 1800 to 1300 BC. The most seismically active regions are the Rhine Rift Valley (region of Basel) and the Valais. 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Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council (parliament) are carried by the City Council. 'The Bridge(s) across the Saar river') is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany.Saarbrcken is Saarland's administrative, commercial and cultural centre and is next In 1004 King Henry II of Germany separated the estates of Trent from the North Italian March of Verona and vested the Bishops of Trent with comital rights. Over the centuries, the Counts residing in Tirol Castle, near Merano, extended their territory over the region. Countries described as Western European (including Switzerland, according to the United Nations Statistics Division and the National Geographic Society[31]) are invariably high-income developed countries, characterized by stable democratic political systems, mixed economies combining the free market with aspects of the welfare state. There are about 60 species that are considered endangered that live in Switzerland. The historic center was enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. [11] The ideals of irredentism were used to convince the population of the necessity of the war, but the true motive of the political leadership to join the war was their idea that Italy should become a great European power.[12]. The Bishop's men defended the gate bravely and killed the leader of the attack, forcing the Hungarians to withdraw. The rugged terrain of the Jura and the Alps are very sparsely populated, except for some large valleys such as the Valais. Point IV of the agreement stated that Austria was to withdraw its troops from the territories of Vorarlberg and Tyrol, returning them to Bavarian rule. The Broncos currently play in the Nationalliga A and are the most successful Swiss American football team with the record for most Swiss Bowl wins (eight wins) as well as winning the EFAF Cup in 2010 and the Eurobowl in 2012. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of 1919 ruled that, according to the Treaty of London, the southern part of Tyrol had to be ceded to the Kingdom of Italy. Switzerland is divided into 26 sovereign cantons. With the bishops' power waning as he came increasingly under the influence of the nearby Habsburg County of Tyrol, the citizens sent a delegation to Emperor Frederick III. An important and famous example of architecture of this era is the 1960 opening of the Groes Festspielhaus by Clemens Holzmeister. The deformation becomes less pervasive away from the younger, more active Alpine mountain building. On November 1 Drouet d'Erlon had recaptured Innsbruck and the Bergisel, and by 11 November 1809, Tyrol was entirely occupied. Some of the main issues are listed below. However, the lowlands are part of the temperate zone and do typically neither experience extreme temperatures nor extreme weather conditions. He died, probably poisoned, 5 May 1565. The Chur lead League of the House of God allied with the Grey League and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions in 1471 to form the Three Leagues. The great northern outlier attains a height of 4,274 metres (14,022ft) in the Finsteraarhorn, while the lowest level (193 metres (633ft)) within the Confederation, is on Lake Maggiore (on the course of the Ticino). [19] Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (81.0%), with Italian being second most common (6.4%) and Romansh being third (5.3%). As the Reformation movement gained steam, riots broke out among peasants in the areas in and around Salzburg. [12] The city suffered several invasions, by the Magyars in 925926, when the cathedral was destroyed, and by the Saracens (940 and 954),[13] but afterwards it flourished thanks to its location, where the roads from several major Alpine transit routes come together and continue down the Rhine. Later the St. Ulrich and Afra church was built in the same spot. Thus, Tyrol was divided among three spheres of influence that met in the approximate area of today's Bolzano. The northern part of Tyrol came under the influence of the Bavarii, while the west probably was part of Alamannia. The Alps are the watershed of Western Europe. Saarbrcken (German pronunciation: [zabk] (); French: Sarrebruck; Rhine Franconian: Saarbrigge [zab]; Luxembourgish: Saarbrcken [zabekn]; Latin: Saravipons, lit. During the Nazi occupation, a Romani camp was built in Salzburg-Maxglan. Over the last 4 years (2010-2014) the population has changed at a rate of 2.34%. The round arch window along the center axis is the largest medieval window in Graubnden. As in the Urnfield culture, Laugen-Melaun-people cremated their dead, placing their ashes in urns, and worshipping their gods in sanctuaries sometimes situated in remote areas, on mountain-tops or close to water. The Anschluss (the occupation and annexation of Austria, including Salzburg, into the Third Reich) took place on 12 March 1938, one day before a scheduled referendum on Austria's independence. His family was connected with the dukes of Alamannia and the Ottonian dynasty. Andreas Hofer, who in the meantime had advanced to supreme commander of the insurgents, became regent of Tyrol in the name of the Emperor. In comparison, the drier locations on the Plateau experience much less sunshine hours (Lucerne: 1,570, Zurich: 1,544). [29] The age distribution, as of 2000[update], in Chur is; 3,087 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. [28][29] Other examples of contemporary architecture lie outside the old town: the Faculty of Science building (Universitt Salzburg Architecture Willhelm Holzbauer) built on the edge of free green space, the blob architecture of Red Bull Hangar-7 (Architecture: Volkmar Burgstaller[30]) at Salzburg Airport, home to Dietrich Mateschitz's Flying Bulls and the Europark Shopping Centre. The red eagle in Tyrol's coat of arms derives from the red Brandenburg eagle, dating from the time when Louis V and Margarete Maultasch governed Brandenburg as well. As of 2017 they finished first in the league, hosting Swiss Bowl XXXII in Ringstrasse Stadium where they defeated the Basel Gladiators 426 on 8 July. He was buried at the St. Afra church he had rebuilt in Augsburg; the burial was performed by Bishop Wolfgang of Ratisbon. The last regular election was held on 27 September 2020. The choir of the Franciscan Church, construction was begun by Hans von Burghausen and completed by Stephan Krumenauer, is one of the most prestigious religious gothic constructions of southern Germany. Ulrich." 2. Lakes, rivers and wetlands are also unproductive areas. These thirteen only are over 20km2 (7.7sqmi) in extent. Between 1981 and 2010 Chur had an average of 104.6 days of rain per year and on average received 849mm (33.4in) of precipitation. Regula. In 1170 the bishop became a prince-bishop and kept total control over the road between Chur and Chiavenna. Its border coincided with the present-day border between South Tyrol and Trentino, crossing the Adige valley at Salorno (Chiusa di Salorno/Salurner Klause). Wiesbaden, 2010, Chizzali. The first settlements in Salzburg continuous with the present were apparently by the Celts around the 5th century BC. In 1420 he made Innsbruck the Tyrolean residence. [8] This order was acted upon soon and Hofer died at the dungeon of the fortress of Mantua on February 20, 1810. It is the site of prehistoric settlements reaching back 6500 years. The first, north of the Rhine in the Basel area, is situated beyond the Jura. Tyrol remained under Bavaria and the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy for another four years. The situation is similar in the Jura (44%), on the northern slopes of the Alps (38.2%) and in the eastern Central Alps (31.4%). In the southern Alps, the canton of Ticino also has a population density less than the national average, with 122.5 inhabitants per km2 (against 194.7).[26]. Due to the location at the northern rim of the Alps, the amount of precipitation is comparatively high, mainly in the summer months. In 1479 about 300 houses and stalls burned in another fire. With the 2021 merger of Haldenstein into Chur, the Ruins of Haldenstein fortress and Haldenstein Castle became part of Chur. The rich undergrowth of these forests is dominated by the allium ursinum (wild garlic) common throughout Western Europe.[25]. The Laugen-Melaun culture, named after two important archaeological sites near the modern-day town of Brixen in South Tyrol, originated in the 14th century BC, in the area of today's South Tyrol and Trentino. Ulrich of Augsburg (890 4 July 973), sometimes spelled Uodalric or Odalrici, was Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg in Germany. While this defense was going on, the King was raising an army to march south. Salzburg has an S-Bahn system with four Lines (S1, S2, S3, S11), trains depart from the main station every 30 minutes, and they are part of the BB network. The bishop soon acquired great temporal powers, especially after his dominions were made, in 831, dependent on the Empire alone.[9]. Allied bombing destroyed 7,600 houses and killed 550 inhabitants. Stone artefacts recovered there were dated to the 8th millennia BC. The Municipal Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. Switzerland has considerable reserves of groundwater and a large number of lakes, large and small, can be found in most areas. [4] His maternal grandfather was Adalbert II the Illustrious, Count of Thurgau. Glorified as Tyrol's national hero, Andreas Hofer, the leader of the uprising, was executed in 1810 in Mantua. Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. The first to occupy higher ground became almost impossible to dislodge, so both sides turned to drilling tunnels under mountain peaks, filling them up with explosives, then detonating the entire mountain, including its defenders, such as Col di Lana, Monte Pasubio, Lagazuoi, etc. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Proporz. In 15 BC, the region was conquered by the Romans, and its northern and eastern part incorporated into the Roman Empire as the provinces of Raetia and Noricum respectively. It spread rapidly and by 1525 the bishop had fled the city and Protestant services were taking place in the churches of St. Martin and St. Most of the population lives on the plateau where the country's major cities such as Geneva, Zurich, Basel, Lucern, and Bern are located. Habitat areas and infrastructure grow around the urban areas but also in the countryside, at the expense of agricultural land. In Chur about 70.3% of the population (between age 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule). The local football team are FC Chur 97 who play in the sixth division of Swiss football. [33], In 2014 a total of 7.7% of the population received social assistance. A portion of the southwest border with France is drawn through Lake Geneva. The team plays in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga, an Austria-headquartered crossborder league featuring the best teams from Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia and Italy, as well as one Czech team. The bear is the heraldic symbol of the canton, displayed on a red-yellow background. [23], Chur has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 36,336. The name Jurassic actually refers to the Jura region where these fossils were studied at the end of the 18th century. [3] The cantons in the Alps tend to be less populous, Catholic, and have an agrarian or tourism-based economy.[3]. Saarbrcken (German pronunciation: [zabk] (); French: Sarrebruck; Rhine Franconian: Saarbrigge [zab]; Luxembourgish: Saarbrcken [zabekn]; Latin: Saravipons, lit. On 28/29 October, news of the peace treaty that had been signed by Austria reached Tyrol. Chur (German: , locally; giving the bishopric further privileges. In one area near the village of Courtedoux, over 13,000 footprints were discovered in between 2002 and 2011.[12]. As morning dawned on 4 July 973, Ulrich had ashes strewn on the ground in the shape of a cross; the cross sprinkled with holy water, and he was placed upon it. (Architecture: Massimiliano Fuksas). Geneva (/ d n i v / jin-EE-v; French: Genve ()) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zrich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhne exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.. Throughout Tyrol, the Bavarian troops were killed or driven out. Oettinger, Norbert. At lower altitudes, the weather is generally moderate. [26], In 2015 there were 15,557 single residents, 13,722 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 1,948 widows or widowers, 3,423 divorced residents and 2 people who did not answer the question. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of Iuvavum.Salzburg was founded as an episcopal see in 696 and became a seat of the archbishop in 798. When Theodo of Bavaria asked Rupert to become bishop c.700, Rupert reconnoitered the river for the site of his basilica. Margarete Maultasch decided to bequeath Tyrol to Duke Rudolph IV of the House of Habsburg, probably pressed by the aristocracy, an act which caused a conflict between Meinhard's uncle Stephen II, who forged an alliance with the powerful Lord of Milan Bernab Visconti to invade Tyrol, and the House of Habsburg. From 1867, it was a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary. unece.org", Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, Les bisses du Valais: mythes et ralits, "Zustand und Entwicklung der Bodennutzung - Arealstatistik 1979/85 und 1992/97", Population size and population composition Data, indicators, United Nations Millennium Development Goals Indicators, "La Suisse compte encore prs de 38'000 sites pollus assainir", "National Geographic Traveler: Switzerland", Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, Cultural Property of National Significance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Switzerland&oldid=1117225632, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2002, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, On the south runs the main chain of the Alps, which is joined (at, To the north of this main chain there is another great range of mountains (wholly Swiss) only slightly inferior in extent and height, which starts from the hills known as the, The Swiss portion of the main chain of the Alps and the great northern outlier run parallel to each other from Martigny to near Chur, while for a short distance they actually unite near, To the north of the great northern outlier rises the, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Deepest point: in Lake Maggiore: 79m (259ft), This page was last edited on 20 October 2022, at 15:37. Geneva (/ d n i v / jin-EE-v; French: Genve ()) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zrich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.Situated in the south west of the country, where the Rhne exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.. [22], The last regular election of the Municipal Council was held on 27 September 2020 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur) from January 2021 to December 2024. Finally, the canton of Valais comprises the upper Diveria valley, located south of the Simplon Pass. Just above the plains and the foothills zone, at roughly 800 metres (3,000ft), is the montane zone, which still encompasses numerous inhabited regions of the Alps and Jura Mountains. 25 Jan. 2014, Hehl, Ernst-Dieter. [21], As of 2020[update], Chur's City Council is made up of one representative of the FDP (FDP.The Liberals, who is also the mayor), one of the SP (Social Democratic Party), and one new member of The Centre (former CVP/PDC and BDP/PBD), giving the right parties a new majority of two out of three seats. Salzburg is the setting for the Austrian crime series Stockinger. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento.In the 16th century, the city was the location of the Council of Trent.Formerly part of Austria and Austria-Hungary, it Structurally, the Jura consists of a sequence of folds, the formation of which is facilitated by an evaporitic decollement layer. Vol. They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths from the east. [1], The total renewable water resources of Switzerland, as of 2005[update], totals 53.3km3 (1.171013impgal; 1.411013USgal),[4] of which the total freshwater withdrawal is 2.5km3 (5.51011impgal; 6.61011USgal) per year. In 1803, the archbishopric was secularised by Emperor Napoleon; he transferred the territory to Ferdinando III of Tuscany, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, as the Electorate of Salzburg. There are about 1,800 glaciers[8] which cover 1,200 square kilometres (460sqmi) of the total glaciated area of the Alps. Following the conquest of Italy by the Goths, Tyrol became part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom in the fifth and sixth centuries. The current mandate period is from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2024. In general, rainfall increase with elevation, while temperature decrease with it. Juvavum developed into an important town of the Roman province of Noricum. List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland, "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen", "Stndige Wohnbevlkerung nach Staatsangehrigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018", Official Website Fire. The Life of Saint Rupert credits the 8th-century saint with the city's rebirth. [1] He resolved to enter the priesthood, but was in doubt whether to enter the Benedictine Abbey of St. Gall or to become a secular priest. This is also reflected in the construction statistics: single-family homes arise mainly in rural areas, multi-family homes in the cities. When the Meinhardiner dynasty died out in 1369, the Tyrol was ceded to the House of Habsburg, who ruled over the region for the next five and a half centuries, with a brief period of control in the early nineteenth century by the Bavarians during the Napoleonic Wars. [18] Of this area, about 17.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 52.1% is forested. All government positions were restricted to guild members, allowing the guilds to regulate all aspects of life in Chur. Sigismund von Schrattenbach continued with the construction of "Sigmundstor" and the statue of holy Maria on the cathedral square. Places that were named after him are said to be host to healing abilities. He was the first saint to be canonized not by a local authority but by the Pope. The city was occupied during the German Peasants' War, and the Archbishop had to flee to the safety of the fortress. [7] For purposes of obtaining relics he went on two journeys to Rome, in 910, and in 952 or 953. After the era of Ernst von Thun, the city's expansion came to a halt, which is the reason why there are no churches built in the Rococo style. Man intervenes on 0.2% of this surface area to create infrastructure protecting against floods or avalanches. The city acts as a hub for south-bound trains through the Alps into Italy. Three churches are included in the list; The cathedral of the Assumption, the Catholic Church of St. Luzi and the Reformed church of St. Martin. Political opponents, Jewish citizens and other minorities were subsequently arrested and deported to concentration camps. The Treaty of Saint-Germain of 1919 ruled according to the 1915 London Pact, that the southern part of the Austrian crown land of Tyrol had to be ceded to the Kingdom of Italy, including the territory of the former Trent bishopric, roughly corresponding to the modern-day Trentino, as well as the south of the medieval Tyrol county, the present-day province of South Tyrol. In 1499 the Swabian War broke out between the Three Leagues and Austria and quickly expanded to include the Confederation. The Jura is a limestone mountain range running from Lake Geneva to the Rhine river. It is the site of prehistoric settlements reaching back 6500 years. The specific drizzle is called Schnrlregen in the local dialect. 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Miniatures are at the Royal Library of Munich, in manuscripts dating from the year 1454 window in....
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