In his book on the topic, Edward J. Ruppelt, Air Force Captain and director of Project Grudge, wrote: "[I]t doesn't take a great deal of study of the old UFO files to see that standard intelligence procedures were not being followed by Project Grudge. High-ranking government officials in countries where the military forces operated were sometimes not aware of the armies' existence. "When historical information is no longer sensitive, we take seriously our responsibility to share it with the American people.". [22], The CIA has been called into question for, at times, using torture, funding and training of groups and organizations that would later participate in killing of civilians and other non-combatants and would try or succeed in overthrowing democratically elected governments, human experimentation, and targeted killings and assassinations. [77] These files dealt with the financing of MKUltra projects and contained few project details, but much more was learned from them than from the Inspector General's 1963 report. [68], In July 2014 CIA Director John O. Brennan had to apologize to lawmakers because five CIA employees (two lawyers and three computer specialists) had surreptitiously searched Senate Intelligence Committee files and reviewed some committee staff members' e-mail on computers that were supposed to be exclusively for congressional investigators. [33] The agency poured millions of dollars into studies examining ways to influence and control the mind and to enhance its ability to extract information from resistant subjects during interrogation. Before it was called the CIA, it was. Materials which will promote the intoxicating effect of alcohol. [76] That report prompted investigations by the United States Congress, in the form of the Church Committee, and by a commission known as the Rockefeller Commission that looked into the illegal domestic activities of the CIA, the FBI and intelligence-related agencies of the military. 3. [119], "MKULTRA" redirects here. From 1942 to 1946, Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers led the Manhattan Project. Everything was being evaluated on the premise that UFOs couldn't exist. How Many More Could Follow? Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Representative Silvestre Reyes announced that he is considering an investigation into alleged CIA violations of the National Security Act, which requires with limited exception that Congress be informed of covert activities. Research by Dr. Alfred W. McCoy, Gary Webb, and others has pointed to CIA involvement in narcotics trafficking across the globe, although the CIA officially denies such allegations. Holt said. [8][9], MKUltra was preceded by two drug-related experiments, Project Bluebird and Project Artichoke. June 28, 2007 and Tim Weiner, United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Unethical human experimentation in the United States, Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, Category:Central Intelligence Agency operations, "One of the Most Shocking CIA Programs of All Time: Project MKUltra", "The CIA's Secret Quest For Mind Control: Torture, LSD And A 'Poisoner In Chief'", "Dialogue Sought With Professor In CIA Probe", "Statement of Director of Central Intelligence Before Subcommittee On Health And Scientific Research Senate Committee on Human Resources", "PROJECT BLUEBIRD | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)", "Advisory on Human Radiation Experiments, July 5, 1994, National Security Archives, retrieved January 16, 2014", "Project MKUltra, the Central Intelligence Agency's Program of Research into Behavioral Modification. Substances which will enhance the ability of individuals to withstand privation, torture, and coercion during interrogation and so-called "brain-washing". "These documents remained classified for nearly a century until recent advancements in technology made it possible to release them," CIA Director Leon E. Panetta said. [2] The proposals were rejected by John F. Kennedy. Some of the more compelling secrets the agency, along with their cohorts in the U.S. military, have declassified in recent years are worth digging into. In July 2013, declassified documents from the CIA acknowledged the existence of Area 51 for the first time, and confirmed that the top-secret site was used to test a variety of spy planes, including the well-known U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. ", "Operation Big Itch was a September 1954 series of tests at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. Other human rights issues that are controversial include the case of Edward Snowden. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 09:30. And awesome. The CIA has also been accused of a lack of financial and whistleblower controls which has led to waste and fraud. "[72], Alfred W. McCoy writes, "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Dr. Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method",[73] referring to first creating a state of disorientation in the subject, and then creating a situation of "self-inflicted" discomfort in which the disoriented subject can alleviate pain by capitulating. In December 2021, radio documentarian Per Wennick discovered 36 boxes of MKUltra records stored at a psychiatric center in a Copenhagen suburb, but when he asked for access, the center shredded the records, in violation of Danish law. ", Stunning tale of brainwashing, the CIA and an unsuspecting Scots researcher, "Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans Health? The records include: White House and ODNI efforts to explain, justify, and defend the programs; Correspondence between outside critics and executive branch officials; Fact sheets and white papers distributed (and sometimes later withdrawn) by the government; Key laws and court decisions (both Supreme Court and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court); Documents on the Total Information Awareness (later Terrorist Information Awareness, or TIA) program, an earlier proposal for massive data collection Manuals on how to exploit the Internet for intelligence. Reilly, Edward C. "Ken Kesey." The people under this interrogation were CIA employees, U.S. military personnel, and agents suspected of working for the other side in the Cold War. Many were former members, and some were former leaders, of the Nazi Party. If this principle is violated, the very least that society can do is to see that the victims are compensated, as best they can be, by the perpetrators. The plan was drafted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, signed by Chairman Lyman Lemnitzer and sent to the Secretary of Defense. and other United States agencies employed at least a thousand Nazis as Cold War spies and informants and, as recently as the 1990s, concealed the governments ties to some still living in America, newly disclosed records and interviews show. First, the bad news: we found that over 20 of the NID excerpts about Eastern Europe in the most recent CIA project had been previously released, some as early as 1999 and others in 2011 and 2013. [67]:141142, In addition to LSD, Cameron also experimented with various paralytic drugs as well as electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power. These tests showed that mosquitoes could be spread by means of various devices. With projects like the A-12 having proven just how valuable stealth could be for aircraft, and advancements in radar technology on the rise, the demand for an armed, stealth capable . Officials at the Office of Strategic Services (the predecessor to the CIA) recruited German scientists to America to aid the country's postwar efforts, which would also ensure that valuable scientific knowledge would not end up in the hands of the Soviet Union or the divided East and West Germany. [citation needed] The CIA itself subsequently acknowledged that these tests had little scientific rationale. CIA Crime and Narcotics Center[44] researches information on international narcotics trafficking and organized crime for policymakers and the law enforcement community. A material which will cause mental confusion of such a type the individual under its influence will find it difficult to maintain a fabrication under questioning. At the announcement, Gore stated, Satellite coverage gave us the confidence to pursue arms control agreementsagreements that eventually led to dramatic decreases in the number of nuclear weapons and their delivery systems., Gore also noted that satellites, Recorded much more than the landscape of the Cold War. [98] The majority argued that "a test for liability that depends on the extent to which particular suits would call into question military discipline and decision making would itself require judicial inquiry into, and hence intrusion upon, military matters." "[37], Several investigations led by the Church Committee, Rockefeller Commission and Pike Committee have been conducted about the CIA, and many documents have been declassified. Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2000): EBSCO. [34][35] Some historians assert that one goal of MKUltra and related CIA projects was to create a Manchurian Candidate-style subject. This revelation largely derailed efforts by the victims to sue the CIA as their U.S. counterparts had, and the Canadian government eventually settled out of court for $100,000 to each of the 127 victims. "[50] Military personnel who received the mind-altering drugs were also threatened with court-martials if they told anyone about the experiments. Ancient bird with T. rex-like skull discovered in China, Extinct giant tortoise was the 'mammoth' of Madagascar 1,000 years ago, Utah's Great Salt Lake is on the verge of collapse, and could expose millions to arsenic laced dust. Rather, the human rights associated with the Snowden leaks are regarding the types of document Snowden released. Operation Reported in U.s. Against Antiwar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years", Prepared Statement of Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, "CIA Director Admits Documents on Secret Drug Experiments Destroyed", PROJECT MKULTRA, THE CIA's PROGRAM OF RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION, "What did the C.I.A. [24][25] According to John Dinges, author of The Condor Years (The New Press 2003), documents released in 2015 revealed a CIA report dated April 28, 1978 that showed the agency by then had knowledge that U.S.-backed Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet ordered the assassination of Orlando Letelier, a leading political opponent living in exile in the United States.[26]. His experiments were often carried out on patients who entered the institute for common problems such as anxiety disorders and postpartum depression, many of whom suffered permanent effects from his actions. [60] According to Stephen Kinzer, Olson had approached his superiors some time earlier, doubting the morality of the project, and asked to resign from the CIA. The base, which was kept secret from the Danish government, operated for seven years. Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agents by the Intelligence Community, List of MKULTRA Unclassified Documents including subprojects, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MKUltra&oldid=1133962574. Brennan ordered the creation of an internal personnel board, led by former senator Evan Bayh, to review the agency employees' conduct and determine "potential disciplinary measures. Its free. One of the most well-known secret research programs is the Manhattan Project, which eventually produced the world's first atomic bombs. Known to the public as the U.S. Air Forces Discoverer program, the classified CORONA project operated during the height of the Cold War to collect pictures over the denied areas of eastern Europe and Asia. "U.S. vets say there were human guinea pigs | ABC7 San Francisco | abc7news.com". The proposed purchase aimed to stop other countries from controlling the supply. Twenty years ago this month, the world learned about the existence of the first imaging reconnaissance satellite, codenamed CORONA. 3. Washington D.C., September 13, 2022 - On the 5th anniversary of the CIA's September 13, 2017, decision to pull its agents out of Cuba, after several operatives were stricken with what has become known as the "Havana Syndrome," the National Security Archive today posted the first of a declassified documentation series on the "Moscow Signals"a decades-long chapter of the Cold War . The idea here was that the CIA could gain confessions from enemy combatants through unconventional methods like mind-control. The plan, known as Operation Gladio, called for the formation of secret armies or "stay-behind" organizations in many NATO countries, including Italy, Belgium and France, according to declassified documents. In 1977, during a hearing held by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, to look further into MKUltra, Admiral Stansfield Turner, then Director of Central Intelligence, revealed that the CIA had found a set of records, consisting of about 20,000 pages,[78] that had survived the 1973 destruction orders because they had been incorrectly stored at a records center not usually used for such documents. [2], Operation Top Hat was termed a "local field exercise" by the Army and took place from September 1519, 1953 at the Army Chemical School at Fort McClellan, Alabama. A Soviet soldier inside the 350 yard tunnel extending from the American Sector of Berlin into the Soviet Sector on April 26, 1956. National Public Radio (NPR), 9 Sept. 2019. [3] Guinea pigs were used as test subjects and placed around a 660-yard (600 m) circular grid.". The United States Military Tribunal established the Nuremberg Code as a standard against which to judge German scientists who experimented with human subjects. [I]n defiance of this principle, military intelligence officials began surreptitiously testing chemical and biological materials, including LSD. Sign up now. ", Rush Holt, Chairman, House Select Intelligence Oversight Panel, Committee on Appropriations[62], Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky (D, IL), Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, who called for the investigation, stated that the investigation was intended to address CIA failures to inform Congress fully or accurately about four issues: C.I.A. Since he realized there was a difference in testing the drug in a laboratory and using it in clandestine operations, he initiated a series of experiments where LSD was given to people in "normal" settings without warning. CORONA and the Intelligence Community While Area 51 was not a top-secret base designed to study extraterrestrials, the U.S. Air Force did study the existence of UFOs. [27] Medical professionals were sometimes used at black sites to monitor detainee health. Project AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), which operated 1949-1970 before being reclassified under Project named QRDYNAMIC in 1970 and finally QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB until 1991. Wishing well used for Bronze Age 'cult rituals' discovered in Bavaria, Man holding penis and flanked by leopards is world's oldest narrative carving, This wasp uses its prickly penis to escape certain death, iPad Pro M2 review: all dressed up and nowhere to go, Rare, 'high-status' Viking burial unearthed in a garden in Oslo, The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today and get your first 3 issues for just 3" today, Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. The tense relationship between the United States and Cuba during the Cold War led the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to hatch a slew of bizarre schemes aimed at taking down the Castro regime. 2010. (AFP/Getty Images), (Jean-Erick Pasquier/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images). That group compiled more than 9,000 pages of documents detailing crimes by U.S. troops during the Vietnam War, many of which were declassified during the 1990s. This category contains the known or alleged operations of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States. Materials which will produce the signs and symptoms of recognized diseases in a reversible way so they may be used for malingering, etc. They also revealed that at least one subject, Frank Olson, had died after administration of LSD. [61] Representative Silvestre Reyes announced the probe will look into "whether there was any past decision or direction to withhold information from the committee". [2] In 1958, the Corps released 600,000 mosquitoes in Avon Park, Florida. [41], By March 1971 over 26,000 potential agents had been acquired for future screening. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). [1] Jeffrey T. Richelson of the National Security Archive has been critical of its claims. The Gateway Process was explained in a report completed in 1983, revealing scientific evidence of how to produce states of expanded human consciousness. "80 Institutions Used in CIA Mind Studies: Admiral Turner Tells Senators of Behavior Control Research Bars Drug Testing Now". The confidential documents, codenamed Vault 7, dated from 20132016, included details on the CIA's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise cars, smart TVs,[81] and web browsers, including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and Opera,[82][83] as well as the operating systems of most smartphones including Apple's iOS and Google's Android, and other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. ], In areas under American control in the early 1950s in Europe and East Asia, mostly Japan, Germany and the Philippines, the CIA created secret detention centers so that the U.S. could avoid criminal prosecution. In 1998, the National Security Archive (NSA) a non-governmental organization that publishes information made available through the Freedom of Information Act posted declassified documents related to Operation Northwoods. Declassified documents related to NATO's stay-behind armies are accessible via The Black Vault, a website that makes declassified documents available to the public. [66] Mdecins Sans Frontires criticized the CIA for endangering and undermining trust in medical workers[67] and The New York Times reported that the CIA's action had increased resistance to vaccination programs in Pakistan. The men were dosed with LSD, the brothels were equipped with one-way mirrors, and the sessions were filmed for later viewing and study. However, by 1962 the CIA and the army developed a series of super-hallucinogens such as the highly touted BZ, which was thought to hold greater promise as a mind control weapon. Project MKUltra (or MK-Ultra) [a] was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used in interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. CIA-Produced 1995 film: A Point In Time. The CIA exported experiments to Canada when they recruited British psychiatrist Donald Ewen Cameron, creator of the "psychic driving" concept, which the CIA found interesting. MKUltra plays a part in many conspiracy theories due to its nature and the destruction of most records. While Area 51, which operates as a detachment of Edwards Air Force Base in neighboring California, has never been declared a covert base, the research and activities conducted there were some of the nation's most closely guarded secrets. In some countries, "preparing" for Soviet invasion included espionage and the hoarding of ammunitions. The following is a list of controversies involving the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The Central Intelligence Agency, better known simply as the CIA, has inspired fear, suspicion, and curiosity ever since its official formation in 1947. Declassified designs show the U.S. Air Force's attempts to build a flying saucer capable of both hovering and going supersonic. The project began in 1939, and was cloaked in secrecy as physicists investigated the potential power of atomic weapons. [48] Some Members of Congress believe that these lies to Congress are similar to CIA lies to Congress from earlier periods. Snowden released a significant amount of information on the U.S. government's surveillance program of its citizens[33][34][35][36] to The Washington Post as well as foreign news reporters. Allegations by Director Panetta indicate that details of a secret counterterrorism program were withheld from Congress under orders from former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney. The operation was detailed in a partially declassified U.S. Army report in 1981. Ned Price, a CIA official since 2006, stirred controversy when he published an op-ed in The Washington Post, explaining why he surprised himself by resigning, after he perceived Trump using his visit to CIA HQ for partisan political posturing. On July 17, 2009, the House Intelligence Committee said it was launching a formal investigation into the secret program. Since CIA has no domestic police authority, it sends its analytic information to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and other law enforcement organizations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury (OFAC). [29] Whether or not the physicians were compelled is an open question. The program was canceled in 1966 after shifting ice created unstable conditions. 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